The Arctic is the fastest-warming place on Earth, resulting in hugely detrimental effects that extend far beyond the polar region. Temperature increase is causing the permanently frozen ground, known as permafrost, to thaw, releasing locked-up greenhouse gases such as carbon and methane. But as more soil becomes available and temperatures increase, so, too, does vegetation, in what is known as Arctic greening. A 22-year-old research project called the International Tundra Experiment that explores the impacts of greening in Svalbard, as well as other Arctic vegetation projects.
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